Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) is the set of regulations under which pilots operate aircraft primarily by reference to flight instruments when visual reference to the horizon or ground is not maintained. IFR operations require specific pilot certification (instrument rating), aircraft equipment, ATC clearance in controlled airspace, and compliance with IFR flight planning and communication requirements.
When IFR is Required
IFR operations are required (and VFR prohibited) when meteorological conditions fall below VFR minima — ceiling below 1,000 ft in controlled airspace, or visibility below 3 SM. Pilots may also choose to fly IFR in VMC for operational convenience, route structure, or to ensure ATC separation service.
IFR Pilot Requirements in Canada
- Valid pilot licence with instrument rating (Group 1, 2, or 3 for aeroplanes)
- Valid Category 1 or 3 medical (depending on operation)
- Instrument currency: 6 instrument approaches, 6 hours under the hood in preceding 6 months
On the TC Written Exam
IFR regulations are tested in the air law section. Know the instrument rating requirements, the equipment needed, the minimum weather for IFR departure, and the alternate requirements.
Related Terms
See also: IMC, IFR Aircraft/Flight, VFR.