Aircraft

An aircraft is any machine capable of deriving support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air, other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface. This broad definition encompasses aeroplanes, helicopters, gliders, balloons, airships, gyroplanes, and unmanned aerial vehicles (drones).

Aircraft Classification

• Heavier-than-air: Aeroplanes, helicopters, gliders, gyroplanes — derive lift from aerodynamic forces
• Lighter-than-air: Balloons, airships — derive lift from buoyancy
• Powered vs. unpowered: Aeroplanes and helicopters are power-driven; gliders and free balloons are not

Regulatory Significance

The classification of an aircraft determines which licensing and operational regulations apply. Category and class determine the type of pilot certificate required, and different maintenance standards apply based on aircraft type and intended operation.

Related Terms

See also: Aeroplane, Ultralight Aircraft, Airworthy.