Landing Sequence

A landing sequence is the order in which ATC assigns aircraft to land at an aerodrome. In busy terminal environments, approach control sequences multiple arriving aircraft by assigning speed adjustments, vectors, and altitude restrictions to create a safe, efficient stream to the runway.

Sequencing Techniques

• Speed control: Reduce speed ahead of slower aircraft to create spacing
• Radar vectors: Assign headings to create spacing — extend downwind, turn early, etc.
• Holding: Last resort when sequencing alone cannot create adequate spacing
• Point merge / RNAV arrivals: STAR procedures that create pre-sequenced arrival streams

Wake Turbulence Separation

Landing sequence must account for wake turbulence separation — a minimum spacing required behind heavy aircraft. Wake turbulence from a landing heavy aircraft can persist for 2–3 minutes and displace laterally. Light aircraft following heavy aircraft on approach must maintain the required separation and be aware of wake turbulence below and behind the heavy aircraft’s flight path.

Related Terms

See also: Wake Turbulence, Approach/Arrival Control.