Required Visual Reference

Required visual reference is the visual reference a pilot must establish before descending below the decision height (DH) or continuing below the minimum descent altitude (MDA) for the purpose of landing. Without the required visual reference, a missed approach must be executed immediately.

What Constitutes Required Visual Reference

In Canada, required visual reference typically means: the approach lighting system or other markings or lights identifying the threshold are clearly visible; and the pilot is continuously in a position from which a landing can be made using a normal manoeuvre. Seeing a diffuse glow of lights in the murk does not constitute required visual reference — the runway environment must be clearly distinguishable.

At DH

The decision at DH must be immediate and unambiguous. If any doubt exists — go missed. Attempting to “press in” below DH without clearly established visual reference is one of the most common causes of approach-and-landing accidents.

On the TC Written Exam

Know the definition, know that it must be established before or at DH/MAP, and know that the aircraft must be in a position to complete a normal landing.

Related Terms

See also: Decision Height, MDA, Missed Approach.