VFR Over The Top
VFR Over The Top (VFR OTT) refers to VFR flight conducted above a layer of cloud, in VMC on top of the cloud layer. The pilot maintains VMC by staying above the cloud, but the cloud layer prevents a descent to the surface using visual reference alone.
Requirements for VFR OTT
- The pilot must hold a VFR OTT rating or be operating under specific conditions outlined in CARs
- An IFR alternate must be available within fuel range — if conditions at destination deteriorate, a VFR descent may not be possible
- Current weather reports and forecasts must support the expectation of VMC at destination at ETA
- The aircraft must have the equipment appropriate for the operation (at minimum, a functioning altimeter, ASI, attitude indicator, and heading indicator)
Risk
VFR OTT can leave the pilot “on top” with no ability to descend visually — trapped above cloud that extends all the way to the surface. Without an IFR rating and current IFR capability, the pilot cannot legally or safely descend through the cloud. This has been the final link in many fatal accident chains.