Waypoint (RNAV)

A waypoint (RNAV) is a specified geographical location defined by coordinates (latitude/longitude) used to define an RNAV route, instrument approach procedure, or airspace boundary. Waypoints are stored in navigation databases and identified by five-letter names (e.g., RIVOK, BOXUM, DUVAT).

Types of Waypoints

• Fly-over waypoint: The aircraft must fly directly over the waypoint before turning — used at critical positions on approaches
• Fly-by waypoint: The aircraft begins turning before the waypoint to maintain the desired track — standard for en route navigation
• Named intersection: Waypoints published on IFR charts and referenced in ATC clearances and procedures
• Pilot-defined waypoints: Custom positions entered by the pilot for direct routing

Waypoints and FMS

Flight management systems (FMS) link waypoints into routes and approach procedures, providing continuous lateral and vertical guidance. The FMS can direct the aircraft through a series of waypoints automatically, computing the optimal track and providing VNAV guidance where specified.

Related Terms

See also: RNAV, Area Navigation, GPS.