Final Approach
The final approach is the portion of an instrument approach procedure that begins at the final approach fix (FAF) or point (FAP) and ends at the missed approach point (MAP). It is the most critical phase of an instrument approach — the aircraft is at low altitude, in (potentially) low visibility, with minimal time to correct errors.
Precision vs. Non-Precision Final Approach
- Precision (ILS, LPV): Both lateral and vertical guidance provided; aircraft descends on a glidepath to the decision height (DH)
- Non-precision (VOR, NDB, LNAV): Only lateral guidance; aircraft descends to and levels at the MDA; continues to the MAP looking for visual reference
Final Approach Fix (FAF)
The FAF is the fix from which the final approach descent begins on a non-precision approach. On precision approaches, the equivalent fix is the point where the glide slope intercepts the FAF altitude. The FAF is depicted by a Maltese cross symbol on instrument approach charts.
On the TC Written Exam
Know the difference between precision and non-precision final approach, the role of the FAF, and the decision that must be made at DH or MAP: land (if visual reference established) or go missed.
Related Terms
See also: Final, Final Approach Area, Decision Height, Missed Approach.