Initial Approach

The initial approach is the phase of an instrument approach that begins when the aircraft arrives at the initial approach fix (IAF) and ends at the intermediate fix (IF) or, where no IF exists, at the final approach fix (FAF). The initial approach phase is used to position the aircraft for the intermediate and final approach.

Initial Approach Fix (IAF)

The IAF is the fix that defines the start of the approach. It may be a VOR, NDB, GPS waypoint, or intersection. ATC will often issue a direct-to clearance to the IAF, or the pilot may fly a published arrival procedure (STAR) that ends at the IAF. The altitude at the IAF is specified on the approach chart.

Approach Segment Overview

• Initial approach: IAF to IF — position the aircraft for the intermediate segment
• Intermediate approach: IF to FAF — configure the aircraft for the final approach
• Final approach: FAF to MAP — descend to DH or MDA and look for visual reference
• Missed approach: MAP onward — if visual reference not established

Related Terms

See also: Intermediate Approach, Final Approach, Fix.